Climate change and its effects on access to water in Africa

Climatic and demographic changes as well as their repercussions on the sustainability of water resources and its developmental aspirations have sharply increased, especially since (1991). The temperature has risen by 0.86 degrees Celsius over the average temperature before (2010), and this increase continued until (2020) became among the three hottest years. Its repercussions have escalated until the African per capita share of water dropped by (4,000) m3 annually, compared to (9,000, 24,000) m3 annually for its European and North American counterparts. This threatens that more than (118) million will suffer extreme poverty, drought, and severe floods in Africa and that (3%) of the GDP in sub-Saharan Africa will be lost by (2050). This even aggravates with the increase in the demographics estimated at (1.4) billion people and are expected to reach (2.5, 4.5) billion people by (2050, 2100). In this context, this paper monitors and analyzes the impact of climate changes on access to water in Africa by mapping water resources. It also monitors climate changes in Africa, especially in Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Congo, Somali, and Lake Chad, and concludes with a set of recommendations.